[17/02, 10:15] CODEDBOSS: (5a)
Hardness of water can be defined as water that has high mineral content. The hardness of water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk, or gypsum which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates, and sulfates. Iron oxides or iron carbonates can give a reddish-brown coloration to hard water deposits.

(5aii)
(i) Calcium ions in the water are good for children’s teeth and bones.
(ii) It helps to reduce heart disease.
[17/02, 10:21] CODEDBOSS: (1a)
[Pick any two]
Acid-Base Titration.
Oxidation-Reduction Titration.
Precipitation Titration.
Complexometric Titrations.