GEOGRAPHY

(1a)
(i) Favorable climate
(ii) Fertile soil
(iii) Natural attachment/Historical factors
(iv) Administrative headquarters
(v) employment opportunities
(vi) Presence of minerals

(1b)
(i) Large labour: High population provides large labour force for the industries

(ii) Large market : high population is a source of large market for goods produced by industries

(iii) Togetherness : many people are brought together and this can promote unity among diverse people in the country

(iv) Effective planning :with large population , concentration in an area , there is need for effective planning so that the towns can function properly

(v) Defense : Organized army in such areas is possible

(2a)
Settlement, locality or populated place is a community in which people live which can be a city, town, village or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work”.
OR
it is collection of building with people living in them.

(2b)
1) Nucleated or dense settlement
2) Dispersed or scattered settlement
3) Linear settlement
4) Nodal settlement
5) Confluence settlement.

4a)

  1. Promotion of Cooperation and development.
  2. Harmonization of Agricultural, Economic, Monetary and Industrial Policies.
  3. Abolition of trade restrictions and Customs Duties.
  4. Establishment of Common Fund.
  5. Implementation of Infrastructural Schemes.

4b) i)Language barrier
There are three languages used for communication within the ECOWAS bloc – English, French and Portuguese. For easy communication among members there is the need for individuals in the region to be able to speak these languages but this is proving to be difficult.

ii) Widespread Poverty
Many of the member states of ECOWAS are among the poorest of the poor nations in the world. Many of their citizens earn less that a dollar a day. This, in a certain sense is preventing real economic integration of the sub-region while many continue to live in squalor and deprivation.

iii) Human Rights Abuses
Another problem of the ECOWAS group is the penchant of the member states to abuse the human rights of their citizens. The human rights records of some member states are nothing to write home about.

iv) Financial problems
The aims and objectives of the ECOWAS can only be achieved when the financial base of the community is solid. However, some member states are not able to honour their financial obligations to the community.

v) Strong External Influence
Many of the member states of ECOWAS were former colonies of some former colonial powers. Countries such as Britain, France and Portugal ever had a colony or two that now belong to the ECOWAS group. These member states are still controlled, to a certain extent, by their former colonial masters.

vi) Single currency
One of the aims of the community is to establish a monetary union for the entire region. This was aimed at culminating into a single currency for ECOWAS member states. However, the member states have not been able to meet the convergence criteria, all at the same time for the single currency to be issued.



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